This quiz works best with JavaScript enabled.
Home
>
English Grammar
>
Grammar
>
Clauses
>
Reduced Relative Clauses – Quiz 1
Reduced Relative Clauses Quiz 1 (30 MCQs)
This multiple-choice question set evaluates the understanding of reduced relative clauses, including their use in concise sentence construction and conditional tense. It covers skills such as identifying essential vs non-essential relative clauses, verb forms in relative clauses, and future tense with reduced relative clauses.
Quiz Instructions
Select an option to see the correct answer instantly.
1.
John F. Kennedy was the last US president .....
A) To assassinate.
B) To be assassinated.
C) Assassinated.
D) Assassinating.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence "John F. Kennedy was the last US president
to be assassinated
." uses a reduced relative clause where the verb "was" is omitted, making it "to be assassinated." This construction indicates that among all U.S. presidents, John F. Kennedy was the most recent one to have been assassinated.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect as "assassinate" is a verb and does not fit grammatically in this context.
Option B:
Correct, uses reduced relative clause with "to be assassinated."
Option C:
Incorrect, "assassinated" would imply the action was completed, which doesn't fit the intended meaning of being the last to have this happen.
Option D:
Incorrect, "assassinating" is a gerund and does not fit grammatically here.
2.
WHO referes to people
A) Yes.
B) No.
C) All the above.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The term "WHO" in the context of English grammar refers to people, making Option A correct. This is a common usage where "who" functions as a relative pronoun referring to human beings in reduced relative clauses.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. "WHO" can refer to people in the context of English grammar.
Option B:
Incorrect. "WHO" does not exclusively refer to non-people entities.
Option C:
Incorrect. Not all options are correct.
Option D:
Incorrect. There is a correct option among the choices provided.
3.
The book that I read yesterday was fascinating.
A) The book I read yesterday was fascinating.
B) The book reading yesterday was fascinating.
C) The book which read yesterday was fascinating.
D) The book read yesterday was fascinating.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option A is correct because it uses a reduced relative clause effectively. The phrase "I read yesterday" is implied by the use of "that," making the sentence more concise and natural-sounding in English.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. Uses a reduced relative clause for conciseness.
Option B:
Incorrect. The phrase "reading yesterday" is not a valid subject or verb combination.
Option C:
Incorrect. The word order and structure are incorrect, making the sentence awkward.
Option D:
Correct but less concise than A. Still grammatically correct but uses more words unnecessarily.
4.
More than a mile of roadway has been blocked with trees, stones and other debris ..... the explosion.
A) Which caused.
B) Which caused by.
C) Causing.
D) Caused by.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The correct answer is
D) Caused by.
This option correctly uses a reduced relative clause to provide additional information about the cause of the blockage without interrupting the flow of the sentence. The phrase "Caused by the explosion" directly follows and explains why the trees, stones, and debris are blocking the roadway.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect as it uses "Which caused," which is not a reduced relative clause.
Option B:
Incorrect for similar reasons as Option A; it uses an unnecessary relative pronoun.
Option C:
Incorrect because it omits the necessary information about the cause of the blockage.
Option D:
Correct use of a reduced relative clause to provide additional information.
5.
The cake that was selected came from an Italian bakery. The reduced form is .....
A) The cake selecting came from an Italian bakery.
B) The cake that was selected came from an Italian bakery.
C) The cake was selected came from an Italian bakery.
D) The cake selected came from an Italian bakery.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option D is correct because it uses a reduced relative clause, where the relative pronoun "that" and the verb "was" are omitted, making the sentence more concise while maintaining clarity.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect. It changes the tense from past to present without justification.
Option B:
Incorrect. It repeats "that was selected," which is unnecessary in a reduced relative clause.
Option C:
Incorrect. It omits "selected" and uses an incorrect verb form, making the sentence incomplete.
Option D:
Correct. Uses a proper reduced relative clause for conciseness.
6.
The towels that are on the chair can be used in the club showers.
A) The towels on the chair can be used in the club showers.
B) The towels that on the chair can be used in the club showers.
C) The chair towels can be used in the club showers.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option A is correct because it uses a reduced relative clause "on the chair" to modify "the towels," which is grammatically accurate and clear in meaning. The phrase "The towels on the chair can be used in the club showers" directly states that towels located on a specific chair are available for use in the club showers.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correctly uses a reduced relative clause to specify which towels can be used.
Option B:
Incorrect due to missing article before "on" and poor sentence structure.
Option C:
Incorrect as it changes the meaning by implying all chair towels, not just those on a specific chair.
Option D:
Not applicable since Option A is correct.
7.
The man who is standing there is a clown.
A) The man is standing there is a clown.
B) The man standing there is a clown.
C) The man stood there is a clown.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option B is correct because it uses a reduced relative clause, which omits the subject and auxiliary verb of the subordinate clause "who is standing there." This construction is grammatically concise and commonly used in English to make sentences more fluid.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect. It includes the full relative pronoun "who," making it less concise.
Option B:
Correct. Uses a reduced relative clause for conciseness.
Option C:
Incorrect. Changes the tense from present to past, altering the meaning of the sentence.
Option D:
Not applicable since Option B is correct.
8.
The Taj Mahal complex, ..... as a World Heritage Site in 1983, attracted a lot of visitors this year.
A) Recognizing.
B) Recognized.
C) To recognize.
D) Which recognizes.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence uses a reduced relative clause, where the verb "recognized" is in its past participle form and functions as an adjective modifying "the Taj Mahal complex." The correct answer is
B) Recognized.
This fits grammatically because it directly describes the Taj Mahal complex without needing additional words.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Recognizing" would require a subject and verb to form a complete clause, making it incorrect here.
Option B:
"Recognized" is the correct past participle form used as an adjective.
Option C:
"To recognize" introduces a purpose or intention, which does not fit the context of describing the Taj Mahal complex's status.
Option D:
"Which recognizes" would introduce a full relative clause, making the sentence longer and less concise than necessary.
9.
The book ..... by Shakespeare is interesting.
A) Written.
B) Writing.
C) Wrote.
D) To write.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The book
written by Shakespeare
is interesting.
In this sentence, the relative clause "written by Shakespeare" modifies "the book." It provides additional information about which book is being referred to. The past participle form "written" functions as an adjective here, describing the state or action related to the book.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. "Written" is a reduced relative clause that properly modifies "the book."
Option B:
Incorrect. "Writing" is a gerund and does not function as an adjective in this context.
Option C:
Incorrect. "Wrote" is the past tense form, which would change the meaning of the sentence to refer to an action rather than a state or characteristic.
Option D:
Incorrect. "To write" is an infinitive and does not fit grammatically in this context.
10.
People who are interested in science can join the club.
A) People are interested in science can join the club.
B) People interest in science can join the club.
C) People who interested in science can join the club.
D) People interested in science can join the club.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option D is correct because it uses the proper reduced relative clause structure, which omits the subject and auxiliary verb of the subordinate clause. "People who are" can be shortened to "People who," making the sentence more concise while maintaining grammatical correctness.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect due to missing 'who' after 'People.'
Option B:
Incorrect as it omits necessary words and is not a complete relative clause.
Option C:
Incorrect for the same reason as Option B; it lacks proper structure.
Option D:
Correct use of reduced relative clause.
11.
What is the reduced version of: "Someone who hopes to be a chef should get the proper training" ?
A) Someone chef should get the proper training.
B) Someone to be a chef should get the proper training.
C) Someone who is hoping to be a chef should get the proper training.
D) Someone hoping to be a chef should get the proper training.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option D is correct because it uses a reduced relative clause, where "who" is implied before "hoping." This form is more concise and natural in English while maintaining the original meaning.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect. It omits "who," making the sentence incomplete.
Option B:
Incorrect. While it includes "to be a chef," it doesn't use the reduced relative clause form.
Option C:
Correct but less concise than Option D, which uses a reduced relative clause.
Option D:
Correct and most concise, using a reduced relative clause with "who" implied.
12.
The child ..... (run) ..... the hallway is my brother.
A) Running.
B) Run.
C) Runned.
D) Ranning.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence uses a reduced relative clause, where the relative pronoun "who" is implied but not explicitly stated. In such clauses, the verb should be in its -ing form to describe the action of the subject (the child) without using "who" or "that". Therefore, "Running" correctly describes the child's action.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. The -ing form is used for reduced relative clauses.
Option B:
Incorrect. Active verb without -ing does not fit grammatically here.
Option C:
Incorrect. This form is not standard in English.
Option D:
Incorrect. Spelling error, should be "Running".
13.
The movie ..... we saw last night was filmed in Australia.
A) That.
B) When.
C) Where.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence "The movie that we saw last night was filmed in Australia." uses a reduced relative clause where the relative pronoun "that" is omitted, but it still functions to introduce the information about the film's location. This structure is common and grammatically correct.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. The sentence employs a reduced relative clause with an implied "that."
Option B:
Incorrect. "When" does not fit the context of the sentence.
Option C:
Incorrect. "Where" would be more appropriate if asking about the location, but it doesn't fit here.
Option D:
Incorrect. The sentence is grammatically correct with the use of a reduced relative clause.
14.
The students who will be selected tomorrow will be offered a scholarship
A) The students selected tomorrow will be offered a scholarship.
B) The students selecting tomorrow will be offered a scholarship.
C) The students will be selected tomorrow will be offered a scholarship.
D) The students to be selected tomorrow will be offered a scholarship.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option A is correct because it uses the past participle "selected" to indicate a completed action, which aligns with the future tense context ("will be selected"). This structure creates a reduced relative clause that efficiently conveys the intended meaning without redundancy.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. Uses "selected" as a past participle to indicate a completed action in a future context, creating a clear and concise sentence.
Option B:
Incorrect. The subject "The students selecting" is in the present participle form, which does not fit the future tense context of the main clause.
Option C:
Incorrect. This option repeats "The students will be selected tomorrow," making it redundant and less concise than Option A.
Option D:
Correct but less efficient. Uses "to be selected" which is acceptable, but Option A is more concise and direct.
15.
Pioneers, ..... in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally self-sufficient.
A) Lived.
B) Living.
C) That lived.
D) Who living.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option B "Living" is correct because it uses a reduced relative clause to modify "Pioneers." In this construction, the verb "lived" is omitted, and only the relative pronoun "who" remains, which can be understood as "who lived."
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Lived" is a simple past tense verb that does not fit grammatically in this context without additional structure.
Option B:
"Living" correctly uses the reduced relative clause form, omitting "who lived."
Option C:
"That lived" includes unnecessary words and is redundant.
Option D:
"Who living" incorrectly uses present participle instead of past tense.
16.
..... to San Bernardino, Yih-Ping has made many friends.
A) Because he came.
B) Since coming.
C) Since he come.
D) Because coming.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option B "Since coming" is correct because it uses a reduced relative clause to indicate the reason for making many friends. The phrase "since coming" implies that the action of coming has led to the result (making many friends). In English, we can use such constructions with "since" and gerunds (-ing forms) to express cause or reason.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect. "Because he came" is a full clause and not a reduced relative clause.
Option B:
Correct. Uses the correct reduced relative clause form with "since coming."
Option C:
Incorrect. "Since he come" is grammatically incorrect as it should be "since he came" or "since coming."
Option D:
Incorrect. "Because coming" is not a complete clause and lacks the subject-verb agreement.
17.
When can reduced relative clauses be used?
A) When the relative pronoun and the verb 'to be' are omitted.
B) When the relative pronoun is placed at the end of the clause.
C) When the verb 'to be' is replaced with another verb.
D) When the relative pronoun is repeated multiple times.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Reduced relative clauses are used when the relative pronoun and the verb 'to be' are omitted, making the clause more concise. This is a common practice in English to avoid redundancy and improve readability.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. Reduced relative clauses omit the relative pronoun and the verb 'to be', such as "The book that/which is on the table" becomes "The book on the table."
Option B:
Incorrect. While placing the relative pronoun at the end of the clause can make it sound more formal, it does not define reduced relative clauses.
Option C:
Incorrect. Replacing 'to be' with another verb is not a characteristic of reduced relative clauses; this would change the meaning or structure of the sentence.
Option D:
Incorrect. Repeating the relative pronoun does not define reduced relative clauses and could indicate a grammatical error if done unnecessarily.
18.
This is Ron ..... children are in my school.
A) Who.
B) Which.
C) Whose.
D) Whom.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The relative pronoun "Whose" is correct because it introduces a reduced relative clause that indicates possession. In the sentence, "whose children are in my school" implies ownership of Ron, meaning his children attend the speaker's school.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Who - Incorrect as it refers to the subject of the main clause and not possession.
Option B:
Which - Incorrect as it is used for non-human things or animals, not people in this context.
Option C:
Whose - Correct as it indicates ownership or possession.
Option D:
Whom - Incorrect as it refers to the object of a verb and not possession here.
19.
The matter which is being discussed right now is of utmost importance to everyone. (reduce)
A) Can't reduce.
B) The matter discussed right now is of utmost importance to everyone. (reduce).
C) The matter being discussed right now is of utmost importance to everyone. (reduce).
D) The matter is of utmost importance to everyone. (reduce).
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option C correctly uses a reduced relative clause by omitting "which is" and starting with "being discussed," making the sentence more concise without altering its meaning.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Can't reduce.
Option B:
Redundant words make it less clear.
Option C:
Correct use of a reduced relative clause for conciseness.
Option D:
Lacks the present participle "being discussed," making it slightly less precise.
20.
Only one of the people ..... in the company is an engineer.
A) Working.
B) Worked.
C) To work.
D) Work.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence "Only one of the people
working
in the company is an engineer" uses a reduced relative clause where "who are working" has been shortened to just "working." This construction indicates that the subject (people) performs the action (working).
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. Uses present participle form indicating current state or action.
Option B:
Incorrect. Past tense does not fit the context of ongoing action in the company.
Option C:
Incorrect. Infinitive form does not indicate active participation.
Option D:
Incorrect. Base verb form lacks necessary context to convey current state or action.
21.
We are driving on the road ..... in 1980.
A) Built.
B) Building.
C) To build.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence "We are driving on the road built in 1980." uses a reduced relative clause where the relative pronoun and the verb 'is' are omitted, making it more concise. This is an example of how reduced relative clauses can be used to provide additional information about a noun without interrupting the flow of the sentence.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. The use of "built" here indicates that the road was constructed in 1980, fitting the context of a reduced relative clause.
Option B:
Incorrect. "Building" would imply an ongoing action and does not fit the past tense implied by "in 1980."
Option C:
Incorrect. "To build" is infinitive form, which doesn't fit in this context of a completed action.
Option D:
Incorrect. All other options are valid grammatically and contextually.
22.
The barn, ..... with hay, went up in flames.
A) Which loaded.
B) Loaded.
C) It was loaded.
D) Loading.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence uses a reduced relative clause, where the relative pronoun "which" is omitted, and only the past participle "loaded" remains. This structure provides additional information about the barn without interrupting the flow of the main clause. The correct answer is
B) Loaded.
because it directly modifies "the barn," indicating that the barn was filled with hay before the event described in the main clause.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect as "Which loaded" would require a full relative clause.
Option B:
Correct, it functions as a reduced relative clause modifying "the barn."
Option C:
Incorrect as "It was loaded" is not concise and interrupts the main clause.
Option D:
Incorrect as "Loading" would imply an ongoing action rather than a state of being filled with hay.
23.
How could you reduce this sentence? Mark the CORRECT option."The employees who work overtime will be paid 20% extra ."
A) "The employees worked overtime will be paid 20% extra .".
B) "The employees working overtime will be paid 20% extra .".
C) "The employees work overtime will be paid 20% extra .".
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option B correctly uses a reduced relative clause by omitting "who" and the verb "work," making the sentence more concise while maintaining its grammatical correctness. This is an example of how to effectively apply reduced relative clauses in English grammar.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect use of past participle; changes the meaning.
Option B:
Correct application of a reduced relative clause for conciseness.
Option C:
Uses full verb form "work"; less concise.
Option D:
Not needed as option B is correct.
24.
Any items ..... (leave) in the classroom at the end of the term will be thrown away.
A) Leaving.
B) Left.
C) All the above.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence "Any items ..... (leave) in the classroom at the end of the term will be thrown away" uses a reduced relative clause where the relative pronoun "that" is implied but not written. The correct form here is "Left," which functions as an adjective describing "items." Therefore, Option B is correct.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Leaving implies an active verb form that doesn't fit the context of items being left behind.
Option B:
Left fits perfectly as a past participle functioning as an adjective in this reduced relative clause.
Option C:
All the above is incorrect because only "Left" works here.
Option D:
None of the above is incorrect since "Left" is the correct choice.
25.
Ethan is usually the last person who understands the joke.
A) Ethan is usually the last person understands the joke.
B) Ethan is usually the last person to understand the joke.
C) Ethan is usually the last person understanding the joke.
D) Ethan is usually the last person understood the joke.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option B is correct because it uses the infinitive "to understand" with "last person," which is appropriate for a reduced relative clause. This structure indicates that Ethan is typically the last to perform the action of understanding, making it grammatically and logically sound.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect as it uses present tense "understands" without "to," which doesn't fit the reduced relative clause construction.
Option C:
Incorrect because "understanding" is a gerund and does not fit with "last person to." It implies Ethan is in the process of understanding, rather than being the last to do so.
Option D:
Incorrect as it uses past tense "understood," which changes the meaning from a habitual or general statement to a specific instance that doesn't align with the context.
26.
Don't forget to submit the paper to Henry, the student sit in the corner.
A) Correct.
B) Incorrect.
C) All the above.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence "Don't forget to submit the paper to Henry, the student sit in the corner." contains a reduced relative clause error. The correct form should be "the student who sits" rather than "the student sit". This is because the verb "sits" must agree with its subject "student", which is singular.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect, as it does not address the error in the sentence.
Option B:
Correct, as it identifies the presence of a reduced relative clause error.
Option C:
Incorrect, as it suggests all options are correct when only one is accurate.
Option D:
Incorrect, as there is a clear error in the sentence that needs correction.
27.
A person who studies cadavers could become a forensic pathologist.
A) A person studies cadavers could become a forensic pathologist.
B) A person studying cadavers could become a forensic pathologist.
C) A person is studying cadavers could become a forensic pathologist.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option B is correct because it uses the present participle "studying" to indicate an ongoing action that could lead to becoming a forensic pathologist. This aligns with the context of someone currently engaged in studying cadavers as a pathway to their career.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect; it uses the base form "studies" which does not indicate an ongoing action or potential future career path.
Option B:
Correct; it uses "studying" to show an ongoing process that could lead to becoming a forensic pathologist.
Option C:
Incorrect; "is studying" implies the person is currently engaged in this activity but does not convey the potential for future career development as clearly as "could become."
Option D:
Incorrect; at least one of the options above is correct.
28.
In which sentence can you NOT delete that?
A) I've lost the magazine that I was reading.
B) A photocopier is a machine that makes copies of pages.
C) The film that we saw yesterday was brilliant.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
In option B, the sentence "A photocopier is a machine that makes copies of pages" does not contain a reduced relative clause. The words "that makes copies of pages" are essential to the meaning and cannot be removed without changing the sentence's structure and information.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Can have "that I was reading" removed, making it "I've lost the magazine I was reading." Both versions are grammatically correct.
Option B:
Cannot remove "that makes copies of pages," as it is essential to the sentence's meaning. Removing it would change its structure and information.
Option C:
Can have "we saw yesterday" removed, making it "The film that was brilliant." Both versions are grammatically correct.
Option D:
Is incorrect since option B can be identified as the sentence where "that" cannot be deleted without altering the meaning.
29.
Which sentences are CORRECT?.
A) All workers making redundant last month have found a new job.
B) All workers were made redundant last month have found a new job.
C) All workers made redundant last month have found a new job.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option C is correct because it uses the past participle "made" to describe the state of the workers, which is necessary in a reduced relative clause. The sentence structure correctly conveys that all workers who were made redundant last month have found new jobs.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect; it uses present participle "making" instead of past participle "made". This changes the meaning and grammatical correctness.
Option B:
Incorrect; it has a missing verb after "were made redundant last month", making the sentence incomplete.
Option C:
Correct; uses proper reduced relative clause with past participle "made".
Option D:
Incorrect; Option C is correct.
30.
The most expensive rooms in the hotel were the ones ..... on the top floor.
A) Are situated.
B) Situated.
C) To be situated.
D) Situating.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence uses a reduced relative clause, where the verb "are" is omitted in the relative clause introduced by "were". The correct form to use here is "situated", which functions as an adjective describing the rooms. Thus, option B) Situated is the right choice.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Adds a verb ("Are") that doesn't fit grammatically in this reduced relative clause.
Option B:
Correct - "Situated" functions as an adjective describing the rooms.
Option C:
Uses "To be situated", which is not appropriate for a reduced relative clause and adds unnecessary words.
Option D:
Verbs "Situating" don't fit grammatically in this context.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are reduced relative clauses?
Reduced relative clauses are a type of clause where the relative pronoun and sometimes the verb are omitted, making the sentence more concise. They often indicate possession or provide additional information about a noun.
How do reduced relative clauses differ from full relative clauses?
In reduced relative clauses, the relative pronoun and sometimes the verb are omitted, making them more concise. Full relative clauses include all elements of a clause, such as subject, verb, and object.
Can you give an example of a reduced relative clause?
Certainly. Instead of saying "the book that I read is on the table," one might say, "the book I read is on the table," where the relative pronoun "that" and the verb "read" are omitted.
When should reduced relative clauses be used?
Reduced relative clauses are typically used when the information is already known or not crucial to the main point of the sentence, making the text more fluid and easier to read.
Are reduced relative clauses always shorter than full ones?
Yes, reduced relative clauses are generally shorter because they omit unnecessary words, making the sentence more concise while still conveying essential information.