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Participial Clauses – Quiz 1
Participial Clauses Quiz 1 (30 MCQs)
This multiple-choice question set evaluates the understanding and usage of participial clauses, including their adverbial function, inverted sentence structures for emphasis, and modifying verbs. It covers various verb forms as adjectives and tests skills in identifying and using participial clauses effectively.
Quiz Instructions
Select an option to see the correct answer instantly.
1.
The building collapsed, ..... two people.
A) Injuring.
B) Injured.
C) Having injured.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Injuring two people" is grammatically correct and fits the sentence structure well. The participle "injuring" functions as an adjective, modifying the subject "the building." It describes the action that led to the collapse.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. "Injuring two people" is a participial clause functioning as an adjective.
Option B:
Incorrect. "Injured" would be in the past tense and does not fit the progressive aspect of the action described by "injuring."
Option C:
Incorrect. "Having injured" is a perfect participle, which typically requires an object or another verb to complete its meaning.
Option D:
Incorrect. Option A is correct.
2.
You should not enter this room under any circumstances.
A) Under no circumstances you should enter this room.
B) Under no circumstances should this room you enter.
C) Under no circumstances should you enter this room.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option C is correct because it maintains the proper word order and grammatical structure of a participial clause. "Under no circumstances" functions as an adverbial phrase modifying the main verb "should enter," ensuring clarity in the instruction.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect; "you should enter this room" is not properly structured.
Option B:
Incorrect; word order is incorrect, making it grammatically flawed.
Option C:
Correct; maintains proper structure and clarity.
Option D:
Not applicable since option C is correct.
3.
..... , I must admit that I would rather follow a different course of action.
A) Saying that.
B) Having said that.
C) Having being said.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
"Having said that" is the correct participial clause to use in this context. It introduces a comment that qualifies or contrasts with what was previously stated, making it suitable for the given sentence structure.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Saying that" does not introduce a contrasting idea as effectively and is less formal than "Having said that."
Option B:
"Having said that" correctly sets up the contrast or qualification.
Option C:
"Having being said" is grammatically incorrect; it should be "Having said."
Option D:
Not all options are correct, so this is valid.
4.
Instructions:Choose the correct answer.Only when .....
A) I phoned did I hear what had happened.
B) Did I phone I heard what had happened.
C) I phoned I heard had what happened.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The correct answer is
A) I phoned did I hear what had happened.
This sentence uses the correct structure for a **cleft sentence** in English, where "did I" is placed at the beginning to emphasize the action. The participial clause "I phoned" comes before the main verb "heard," which is appropriate for this construction.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct structure for a cleft sentence.
Option B:
Incorrect placement of "did I"; should be after "I phoned."
Option C:
Grammatically incorrect; "heard" is misplaced.
Option D:
Not applicable as A is correct.
5.
She ..... (study) for her exams all night.
A) Studies.
B) Studied.
C) Study.
D) Studying.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Studying for her exams all night" is a present participle phrase functioning as an adjective, modifying the subject "She." It describes the action She was engaged in during the time of studying.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect. Verbs should not be used without agreement with the subject or context.
Option B:
Incorrect. Past tense does not fit the continuous nature implied by "all night."
Option C:
Incorrect. Verbs should not be used without agreement with the subject or context.
Option D:
Correct. Present participle form "Studying" properly modifies "She," indicating an ongoing action during the time of the exams.
6.
This is a vegetarian restaurant. None of the dishes ..... (serve) here contain meat or fish.
A) Served.
B) Server.
C) Serving.
D) Serve.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence requires a verb form that functions as an adjective to describe the dishes, indicating their characteristic of not containing meat or fish. "Served" (Option A) is in its past participle form and can function as an adjective to modify "dishes." The other options do not fit grammatically: "Server" (B) is a noun; "Serving" (C) is the present participle; and "Serve" (D) is the base verb form.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. Past participle form functions as an adjective to describe the dishes.
Option B:
Incorrect. Noun does not fit grammatically here.
Option C:
Incorrect. Present participle form does not function correctly in this context.
Option D:
Incorrect. Base verb form is not appropriate for describing the dishes.
7.
Complete the sentence:5) Not ..... before, I found the experience quite terrifying.
A) Had flying.
B) Not having flown before.
C) Not flying before.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence requires a participial clause that functions as an adverbial to modify the subject "I." Option B, "Not having flown before," is correct because it uses the present perfect passive participle form ("having flown") which fits grammatically and logically. This structure indicates an action completed in the past with relevance to the present.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect; "Had flying" suggests a past perfect, which is not appropriate here.
Option B:
Correct; "Not having flown before" uses the correct form for this context.
Option C:
Incorrect; "Not flying before" lacks the necessary passive voice and present perfect tense.
Option D:
Incorrect; there is a valid option among A, B, and C.
8.
..... by the changing information, they thought the plane was cancelled.
A) Confusing.
B) Confused.
C) Having confused.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "by the changing information, they thought the plane was cancelled" is describing a state of being (confused) rather than an action. The participle "Confused" in Option B correctly indicates this state without implying an ongoing or completed action.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Confusing" implies that the information itself was confusing, not that they were confused.
Option B:
"Confused" accurately describes their state of mind due to the changing information.
Option C:
"Having confused" suggests a completed action, which is not appropriate here as it's describing a current state.
Option D:
"None of the above" is incorrect since Option B is correct.
9.
..... by the teacher's comment, he decided to improve his work.
A) A) Encouraging.
B) B) Encouraged.
C) All the above.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "by the teacher's comment" modifies "he decided to improve his work." The participle "Encouraged" (from "encouraging") correctly describes how he decided, indicating that the teacher’s comment was the cause of his decision. Thus, "Encouraged" is the correct choice.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect as it uses "Encouraging," which does not fit grammatically in this context.
Option B:
Correct as "Encouraged" properly describes how he decided to improve his work based on the teacher's comment.
Option C:
Incorrect as both A and B are correct, but only one can be chosen.
Option D:
Incorrect as there is a correct answer among the options provided.
10.
My sister works in a bakery ..... (make) cakes.
A) Made.
B) Maked.
C) Making.
D) Makes.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Making" is correct because it functions as an adjective, modifying the subject "My sister." It describes what she does in her job at the bakery.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Made" is a past tense verb and cannot function as an adjective here.
Option B:
"Maked" is not a real word, so it can be immediately eliminated.
Option C:
"Making" is the present participle form of the verb "to make," functioning correctly as an adjective in this participial clause.
Option D:
"Makes" is a simple present tense verb and does not fit grammatically in this context, which requires a non-finite verb form to function as an adjective.
11.
..... in India for two years, Kaleem could speak some Hindi.
A) Living.
B) Lived.
C) Having lived.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Participial clauses modify a noun and can be introduced by present or past participles. In the given sentence, "Having lived" (Option C) correctly introduces a participle clause that modifies "Kaleem," indicating an action completed before another in the narrative.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Living" is a present participle and does not fit as it implies an ongoing action, which doesn't match the context of two years being over.
Option B:
"Lived" is in past tense but lacks the necessary participial form to introduce a clause directly modifying "Kaleem."
Option C:
"Having lived" correctly introduces a perfect participle, indicating an action completed before another. This fits well with the context of Kaleem speaking some Hindi after living in India for two years.
Option D:
"None of the above" is incorrect since Option C is valid.
12.
..... lunch, I sat in the garden with a drink.
A) Making.
B) Made.
C) Having made.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Having made" is correct because it properly modifies the subject "I," indicating that the action of making lunch was completed before sitting in the garden with a drink. This structure effectively shows a sequence of events, where one event (having made lunch) precedes another (sitting in the garden).
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Making" is incorrect because it implies an ongoing action that has not been completed before sitting in the garden.
Option B:
"Made" is incorrect as a simple past tense verb does not convey the idea of completion and sequence effectively.
Option C:
"Having made" correctly uses the present perfect participle to indicate that lunch was prepared before sitting in the garden, showing a clear sequence of events.
Option D:
"None of the above" is incorrect since option C is correct.
13.
Complete the sentence:2) ..... for the bus, she slipped on some ice and fell over.
A) Running.
B) Having run.
C) Ran.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence "2) Running for the bus, she slipped on some ice and fell over." uses a participial clause correctly. The participle "Running" is used to describe the action of the subject "she," providing additional information about her state or activity at the time of slipping.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. Uses a participial clause appropriately.
Option B:
Incorrect. The participle should not be in past tense here.
Option C:
Incorrect. The verb form does not match the sentence structure.
Option D:
Incorrect. Option A is valid.
14.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentence ..... (Speak) softly, you might wake up the baby.
A) Speaking.
B) Spoke.
C) Speak.
D) Speaks.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence requires an infinitive form to complete it correctly: "Speak softly, you might wake up the baby." The participle "Speaking" is not in the correct form for this context; it should be the base form of the verb "speak."
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect. "Speaking" is a present participle and does not fit grammatically here.
Option B:
Incorrect. "Spoke" is in past tense, which is inappropriate for this sentence.
Option C:
Correct. "Speak" is the base form of the verb needed to complete the sentence correctly.
Option D:
Incorrect. "Speaks" is a third-person singular present tense form and does not fit here.
15.
Complete the sentence:3) ..... her former owner, the dog ran across the room to greet him.
A) Seen.
B) Seeing.
C) Having seen.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The correct answer is
C) Having seen.
This option correctly uses a present perfect participle clause to indicate an action that occurred before the main verb "ran." The participial clause provides additional information about the dog's state or condition at the time of running, which is appropriate for this context.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Seen" is a simple past participle and does not indicate an action that occurred before another action. It would be grammatically incorrect in this sentence.
Option B:
"Seeing" is a present participle, which typically indicates simultaneous actions or ongoing states. This option does not fit the sequence of events described in the sentence.
Option C:
"Having seen" correctly uses a present perfect participle to show that an action (seeing) happened before another action (running).
Option D:
"None of the above" is not applicable since option C is correct.
16.
Complete:7) ..... the daughter of two doctors, I consider myself quite knowledgeable about medical matters.
A) Being.
B) Been.
C) Have been.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Being the daughter of two doctors" correctly modifies the subject, indicating a state or condition that is relevant to the speaker's self-assessment. The participle "being" functions as an adjective here, describing who the speaker is in relation to their parents' professions.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. "Being" properly introduces a participial clause that modifies the subject.
Option B:
Incorrect. "Been" implies a completed action, which does not fit the ongoing state described in the sentence.
Option C:
Incorrect. "Have been" also suggests a completed action and is too formal for this context.
Option D:
Incorrect. At least one option (A) is correct, so this cannot be chosen.
17.
Tom handed Susan a parcel ..... in pink paper.
A) Wrapping.
B) Wrapped.
C) All the above.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "in pink paper" modifies the noun "parcel." The participle "Wrapped" correctly describes the state of the parcel, indicating that it was wrapped in pink paper by Tom before he handed it to Susan. This is a perfect example of an adjective (participle) functioning as a modifier.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Wrapping - Incorrect; "Wrapping" is a gerund, not a participle that can function as a modifier.
Option B:
Wrapped - Correct; "Wrapped" functions as an adjective modifying the noun "parcel." It correctly describes the state of the parcel in relation to its wrapping.
Option C:
All the above - Incorrect; only "Wrapped" is correct for this context.
Option D:
None of the above - Incorrect; "Wrapped" is the correct answer.
18.
..... by a local architect and artist, the house combines traditional materials with original design.
A) Building.
B) Built.
C) Having built.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
Option B "Built" is correct because it properly forms a participial clause that modifies the subject "the house." The participle "Built" agrees with the singular noun "house," and it correctly indicates an action completed before or concurrently with another action in the sentence.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Building" is a gerund, not a participle. It does not function as a modifier here.
Option B:
"Built" is correct as explained above.
Option C:
"Having built" implies an action completed before another in the past, which doesn't fit the sentence structure well.
Option D:
"None of the above" is incorrect since "Built" fits the requirement.
19.
They ..... (dance) all night at the party.
A) Danced.
B) Dances.
C) Dancing.
D) Dance.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence "They danced all night at the party" uses a simple past tense verb, which correctly describes an action completed in the past. This aligns with the participial clause context where we are focusing on verbs that describe actions or states of being.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. Simple past tense fits the context.
Option B:
Incorrect. Present tense does not fit the completed action in the past.
Option C:
Incorrect. Gerund form (verb + -ing) is used for present participial clauses, not to describe a completed past action.
Option D:
Incorrect. Base form of verb without tense does not fit the context of describing an action in the past.
20.
She had no sooner fallen asleep than the telephone rang.
A) No sooner asleep she had fallen than the telephone rang.
B) No sooner she had fallen asleep than the telephone rang.
C) No sooner had she fallen asleep than the telephone rang.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The correct answer is
C) No sooner had she fallen asleep than the telephone rang.
This option correctly uses the "no sooner...than" construction, which requires the past perfect tense ("had fallen") to indicate a sequence of events where one action happened immediately after another. The subject pronoun "she" and the verb "fallen" are properly placed.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect order of words; should be "No sooner had she fallen asleep than..."
Option B:
Missing auxiliary verb "had"; should use past perfect tense.
Option C:
Correct usage of the past perfect tense and proper word order.
Option D:
Not applicable as option C is correct.
21.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentence ..... (Drive) carefully, you might have an accident.
A) Drive.
B) Drived.
C) Driving.
D) Driven.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The correct option is
C) Driving.
This participial clause functions as an adjective, modifying the subject "you" and providing additional information about how you should drive. The participle form "Driving" is used to create a present participle phrase that serves as an adverbial modifier.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect verb form; should be in participial form.
Option B:
Incorrect spelling of the verb form.
Option C:
Correct use of present participle as an adverbial modifier.
Option D:
Past participle does not fit grammatically in this context.
22.
..... the paper, he realized that that piece of news would change his life.
A) Reading.
B) Read.
C) Having read.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Having read the paper" is correct because it properly modifies "he realized." The present participle "Reading" (Option A) and past tense "Read" (Option B) do not fit grammatically as a modifying phrase. Option D is incorrect since there is a valid choice among the options.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect; uses present participle without proper modification.
Option B:
Incorrect; past tense does not fit as a modifying phrase here.
Option C:
Correct; perfect participle "Having read" properly modifies the subject and indicates an action completed before another action (realizing).
Option D:
Incorrect; there is a valid choice among A, B, and C.
23.
..... at a low temperature, these jeans will keep their original colour for a long time.
A) Washing.
B) Washed.
C) Having washed.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Washed" is correct because it functions as an adjective modifying "jeans," indicating a completed action that results in the jeans keeping their original color at low temperatures. The participle "Washed" here describes the state or condition of the jeans.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Washing" is a gerund and does not fit grammatically as it would imply an ongoing action rather than a completed one.
Option B:
"Washed" correctly functions as a past participle, describing the jeans' state after being washed.
Option C:
"Having washed" is a perfect participle phrase and would imply an ongoing or habitual action, which does not fit the context of the sentence.
Option D:
This option suggests no correct answer, but "Washed" clearly fits grammatically and semantically.
24.
Complete the sentence:9) ..... about the flood, many people came to help.
A) Having heard.
B) Hearing.
C) Have heard.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Having heard about the flood" is correct because it properly modifies "many people," indicating that they came to help after having heard about the flood. This structure effectively conveys the sequence of events: first, hearing about the flood, then coming to help.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. The present perfect participle "Having heard" indicates an action completed before another in the past.
Option B:
Incorrect. "Hearing" is a present participle and does not indicate completion of the action.
Option C:
Incorrect. "Have heard" is in the present perfect tense, which would imply an ongoing or habitual action rather than a one-time event before another past action.
Option D:
Incorrect. At least one option (A) is correct.
25.
The police didn't know that the man was a criminal.
A) Little did know the police that the man was a criminal.
B) Little knew the police that the man was a criminal.
C) Little did the police know that the man was a criminal.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The correct answer is C) Little did the police know that the man was a criminal. This sentence uses an inverted structure to emphasize the main clause, which is common in English for dramatic effect. The phrase "little did" at the beginning of the sentence indicates surprise or unexpectedness.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Incorrect due to incorrect inversion and word order.
Option B:
Incorrect because it lacks the necessary inversion for emphasis.
Option C:
Correct as it properly inverts the sentence structure for emphasis, making the main clause "the police know that the man was a criminal" more impactful.
Option D:
Incorrect since option C is correct.
26.
Complete the sentence:8) She was watching a movie, ..... potato chips
A) Having eaten.
B) Eating.
C) Eaten.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Eating potato chips" is the correct choice because it functions as an adjective, modifying "She." It describes what she was doing while watching the movie. The present participle "Eating" shows an action that is concurrent with or related to the main verb "watching."
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Having eaten" implies a completed action before the main action, which doesn't fit the context of simultaneous actions.
Option B:
"Eating" correctly describes an ongoing action that is happening alongside watching the movie.
Option C:
"Eaten" is in past tense and does not describe an ongoing action, making it incorrect for this context.
Option D:
This option suggests none of the above are correct, but Option B clearly fits the sentence structure and meaning.
27.
..... through the woods, they found a bird with a broken wing.
A) Walking.
B) Walked.
C) Having walked.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Walking through the woods" is a correct answer because it provides an appropriate context for why they found the bird with a broken wing. The participle "Walking" functions as an adjective, modifying the subject and indicating the action that led to their discovery.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. Participial clause functioning as an adjective.
Option B:
Incorrect. Past tense verb does not fit grammatically here.
Option C:
Incorrect. Present participle with "having" is unnecessary and incorrect in this context.
Option D:
Incorrect. Option A is correct.
28.
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb.She ..... (write) a letter to her friend every week.
A) Wrote.
B) Writes.
C) Writing.
D) Written.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence requires a verb in the simple present tense to indicate an action that happens regularly every week. "Writes" is the correct form of the verb as it matches the simple present tense and conveys the habitual nature of the action.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Wrote - Incorrect, past tense does not fit the context.
Option B:
Writes - Correct, simple present tense fits the context.
Option C:
Writing - Incorrect, gerund form does not fit the sentence structure.
Option D:
Written - Incorrect, past participle does not fit the context.
29.
Complete the sentence:6) ..... a shower, I went downstairs for breakfast.
A) Having had.
B) Having.
C) Had had.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The sentence "6) ..... a shower, I went downstairs for breakfast" uses a participial clause to show the sequence of events. The correct answer is
A) Having had.
This option correctly indicates an action completed before another began.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
"Having had." - Correct. It shows that the speaker had taken a shower before going downstairs for breakfast, indicating a sequence of events where one event (having had a shower) is completed before another (going downstairs).
Option B:
"Having." - Incorrect. This form does not indicate completion and would imply an ongoing action.
Option C:
"Had had." - Incorrect. This form is redundant and grammatically incorrect in this context.
Option D:
"None of the above." - Incorrect, as Option A is correct.
30.
..... for the bus, she slipped on some ice and fell over.
A) Running.
B) Run.
C) Having run.
D) None of the above.
Show Answer
Explanations:
The participial clause "Running" in option A is correct because it properly modifies the subject "she" and provides additional information about her action before she slipped on the ice. The participle "Running" indicates that she was in the process of running when she fell, which fits logically with the scenario described.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. "Running" is a present participle modifying "she," indicating an ongoing action.
Option B:
Incorrect. "Run" is not in its correct form to function as a participial clause.
Option C:
Incorrect. "Having run" implies the action was completed before slipping, which doesn't fit the scenario.
Option D:
Incorrect. There is a valid option among A, B, and C.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are participial clauses?
Participial clauses are dependent clauses that begin with a present or past participle and modify the main clause. They provide additional information about the subject of the sentence.
Can participial clauses be inverted?
Yes, participial clauses can sometimes be inverted for emphasis or stylistic purposes. This means that the subject of the clause may come before the participle.
How do participial clauses differ from cleft sentences?
Participial clauses are a type of dependent clause that modify the main clause, while cleft sentences are a specific construction used to emphasize parts of a sentence. Cleft sentences often use it-clauses or what-clauses.
What tense is commonly used in participial clauses?
Participial clauses can be formed with both simple present and past participles. The choice of tense depends on the context and the relationship between the clause and the main clause.
How do participial clauses enhance sentence structure?
Participial clauses add detail, provide background information, or express a cause-effect relationship. They can make sentences more complex and nuanced without interrupting the flow of the main clause.